Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

Со всех языков на:
Английский
С английского на:
Все языки
Испанский
Русский
Французский

computing sciences

Толкование Перевод

1 computing sciences

n pl

COMP&DP, TELECOM informática f

English-Spanish technical dictionary > computing sciences
2 computing

n

COMP&DP, TELECOM computación f (AmL), informática f (Esp)
computing device
computing facility
computing sciences

English-Spanish technical dictionary > computing
3 Health Sciences Computing Facility

Техника: Научный медицинский вычислительный центр

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Health Sciences Computing Facility
4 CSAB

1) Общая лексика: Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages

2) Американизм: Объединённый совет по регулированию судоходства

3) Военный термин: combat support aviation battalion

4) Сокращение: Computing Sciences Accreditation Board

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CSAB
5 soft

soft [sɒft]

doux ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (d), 1 (e), 1 (g), 1 (h), 1 (m), 1 (p)-(r) mou ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (j) souple ⇒ 1 (a) moelleux ⇒ 1 (b) ramolli ⇒ 1 (b) tendre ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (h) gras ⇒ 1 (c) léger ⇒ 1 (d) estompé ⇒ 1 (f) indulgent ⇒ 1 (i) facile ⇒ 1 (m) modéré ⇒ 1 (n) faible ⇒ 1 (o)

1 adjective

(a) (to touch → skin, hands, wool, fur) doux (douce); (→ leather) souple; (→ material, hair) doux (douce), soyeux;

∎ as soft as velvet/as a baby's bottom doux comme du velours/comme une peau de bébé;

∎ soft to the touch doux au toucher;

∎ to become soft or softer, to get soft or softer (skin) s'adoucir; (leather) s'assouplir;

∎ the cream will make your hands/the leather soft la crème t'adoucira les mains/assouplira le cuir

(b) (yielding, not firm → bed, mattress, pillow) moelleux; (→ collar, ground, snow) mou (molle); (→ butter) mou (molle), ramolli; (→ muscles, body) ramolli, avachi, flasque; (too yielding → bed, mattress) mou (molle);

∎ a nice soft bed un lit moelleux;

∎ this bed is too soft ce lit est trop mou;

∎ the butter has gone soft le beurre s'est ramolli;

∎ mix to a soft paste mélanger jusqu'à obtention d'une pâte molle;

∎ these chocolates have soft centres ces chocolats sont mous à l'intérieur;

∎ Horseracing the going is soft le terrain est mou;

∎ the brakes are soft il y a du mou dans les freins

(c) (malleable → metal, wood, stone) tendre; (→ pencil) gras (grasse), tendre

(d) (quiet, not harsh → voice, music) doux (douce); (→ sound, accent) doux (douce), léger; (→ tap, cough) petit, léger; (→ step) feutré;

∎ "yes", he said in a soft whisper/voice "oui", murmura-t-il doucement/dit-il d'une voix douce;

∎ she gave a soft laugh elle rit doucement

(e) (muted → colour, glow) doux (douce); (→ shade) doux (douce), pastel (inv); (→ light, lighting) doux (douce), tamisé

(f) (blurred → outline) estompé, flou

(g) (gentle, mild → breeze, rain, words) doux (douce); (→ expression, eyes) doux (douce), tendre; (→ curve, shadow) doux (douce); (→ climate, weather) doux (douce), clément;

∎ she suits a softer hairstyle ce qui lui va bien, c'est une coiffure plus souple;

∎ British it's a soft day il bruine aujourd'hui

(h) (kind → person) doux (douce), tendre;

∎ to have a soft heart avoir le cœur tendre;

∎ to have a soft nature être doux de nature

(i) (lenient) indulgent;

∎ you're too soft with the boy vous êtes trop indulgent avec le garçon;

∎ to be soft on sb se montrer indulgent envers qn, faire preuve d'indulgence envers qn;

∎ to be soft on terrorism faire preuve de laxisme envers le terrorisme

(j) (weak → physically) mou (molle);

∎ the boy's too soft ce garçon n'a pas de caractère;

∎ you're getting soft tu te ramollis;

∎ city life has made you soft la vie citadine t'a ramolli

(k) familiar (stupid)

∎ he's going soft in his old age il devient gâteux en vieillissant;

∎ you must be soft in the head! ça va pas, non?;

∎ don't be soft arrête de dire des bêtises

(l) (fond) familiar

∎ to be soft on sb avoir le béguin pour qn;

∎ to have a soft spot for sb avoir un faible pour qn

(m) (easy → life) doux (douce), tranquille, facile; (→ job) facile;

∎ familiar to have a soft time of it se la couler douce;

∎ it's the soft option c'est la solution de facilité;

∎ to take the soft option opter pour la solution de facilité

(n) (moderate) modéré;

∎ Politics the soft left la gauche modérée;

∎ to take a soft line on sth adopter une ligne modérée sur qch; (compromise) adopter une politique de compromis sur qch

(o) Economics & Finance (currency) faible; (market) faible, lourd

(p) (water) doux (douce)

(q) Linguistics (consonant) doux (douce)

(r) (drug) doux (douce)

2 adverb

(a) literary (softly) doucement

(b) familiar

∎ don't talk soft! ne sois pas idiot!

3 softs plural noun

Commerce biens mpl non durables

►► soft cheese fromage m à pâte molle;

soft coal houille f grasse;

Commerce soft commodities biens mpl non durables;

soft contact lenses lentilles fpl souples;

Computing soft copy visualisation f sur écran;

Finance soft currency devise f faible;

soft drink boisson f non alcoolisée;

Photography soft focus flou m artistique, point m diffus;

∎ figurative to see things in soft focus avoir une vision idéaliste du monde;

soft fruit (UNCOUNT) ≃ fruits mpl rouges;

British soft furnishings tissus mpl d'ameublement;

British soft goods tissus mpl, textiles mpl;

Computing soft hyphen césure f automatique, tiret m conditionnel;

Chemistry soft iron fer m doux;

Computing soft key touche f programmable; also figurative soft landing atterrissage m en douceur;

American Politics soft line ligne f de conduite modérée;

Economics & Finance soft loan prêt m avantageux ou à des conditions avantageuses;

soft margarine margarine f;

American Politics soft money = sommes employées pour le financement d'une campagne électorale en employant divers stratagèmes afin de rester dans la légalité;

Anatomy soft palate voile m du palais;

soft pedal (on piano) pédale f douce, sourdine f;

soft porn pornographie f peu explicite, familiar soft m;

soft-porn film film m érotique;

soft-porn magazine revue f de charme;

soft-porn magazines presse f de charme;

Computing soft return saut m de ligne automatique;

the soft sciences ≃ les sciences fpl humaines;

Computing soft sectoring formatage m logiciel;

Commerce soft sell = méthodes de vente non agressives;

∎ she has a flair for the soft sell elle a le don de ou pour circonvenir ses clients;

soft shoulder (on road) accotement m non stabilisé;

soft soap

(a) Medicine savon m vert

(b) (UNCOUNT) familiar (flattery) flagornerie^□ f, flatterie^□ f, flatteries^□ fpl;

soft target cible f facile;

Economics & Finance soft terms conditions fpl favorables;

Anatomy soft tissue parties fpl charnues;

familiar soft top (voiture f) décapotable^□ f;

British familiar soft touch bonne poire f;

∎ he's a real soft touch (easily fooled) il est vraiment bonne poire; (for money) il se laisse facilement taper;

soft toy (jouet m en) peluche f;

soft verge (on road) accotement m non stabilisé

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > soft
6 master

master ['mɑ:stə(r)]

1 noun

(a) (of household, dog, servant, situation) maître m;

∎ the master of the house le maître de maison;

∎ to be master in one's own house être maître chez soi;

∎ to be one's own master être son propre maître;

∎ to be (the) master of one's fate être maître de son destin;

∎ he's master of the situation il est maître de la situation;

∎ proverb like master like man tel maître, tel valet

(b) (expert) maître m;

∎ chess master maître m;

∎ he's a master at the art of ducking questions il est maître dans l'art d'éluder les questions

(c) School (in primary school) instituteur m, maître m d'école; (in secondary school) professeur m; (private tutor) maître m;

∎ history master professeur m d'histoire

(d) University

∎ Master of Arts/Science (person) titulaire mf d'une maîtrise de lettres/de sciences; (qualification) maîtrise f ès lettres/ès sciences;

∎ she's doing a master's (degree) in philosophy elle prépare une maîtrise de philosophie

(e) old-fashioned formal (boy's title)

∎ Master David Thomas Monsieur David Thomas;

∎ Master David (said by servant) Monsieur David

(f) Art maître m

(g) Nautical (of ship) capitaine m; (of fishing boat) patron m;

∎ Nautical master's certificate brevet m de capitaine

(h) University (head of college) principal m

(i) (original copy) original m; (standard) étalon m;

∎ Computing master (disk) disque m maître

2 adjective

(a) (overall) directeur, maître

(b) (in trade) maître;

∎ master chef/craftsman maître chef m /artisan m;

∎ a master thief un(une) voleur(euse) de génie

(c) (controlling) principal;

∎ master switch interrupteur m général

(d) (original) original

3 transitive verb

(a) (person, animal) maîtriser, dompter; (problem, difficulty) surmonter, venir à bout de; (emotions) maîtriser, surmonter; (situation) maîtriser, se rendre maître de;

∎ to master oneself se maîtriser, se dominer

(b) (subject, technique) maîtriser;

∎ she mastered Portuguese in only six months six mois lui ont suffi pour maîtriser le portugais;

∎ I never really mastered the language je n'ai jamais eu une bonne maîtrise de la langue

►► Building industry master beam poutre f maîtresse;

master bedroom chambre f principale;

Finance master budget budget m global;

master builder maître m bâtisseur;

master card carte f maîtresse;

master of ceremonies (at reception) maître m des cérémonies; (on TV show) présentateur m;

master class cours m de maître; Music master class m;

∎ figurative the press conference was a master class in how to handle the media pour ceux qui veulent savoir comment se comporter face aux médias, cette conférence de presse pourrait servir de leçon;

master copy original m;

French Canadian Military master corporal ≃ caporal-chef m;

Cars master cylinder maître-cylindre m;

Computing master disk disque m maître;

Computing master file fichier m principal ou maître;

Hunting master of hounds, master of foxhounds maître m d'équipage;

master key passe-partout m inv;

Nautical master mariner capitaine m;

Television master monitor récepteur m de contrôle final;

master plan stratégie f globale;

master race race f supérieure;

Music master record disque m original;

British Law Master of the Rolls ≃ président m de la cour d'appel (en Grande-Bretagne);

American Military master sergeant ≃ sergent-chef m;

master soundtrack mixage m magnétique final;

master tape bande f originale;

Commerce master of works maître m d'œuvre

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > master
7 CAS

1) Общая лексика: Академия наук Китая (China Academy of Sciences), Chemical Abstract Services (Международный CAS-номер присваивается химическим веществам американской организацией Chemical Abstract Services. Этот уникальный номер не несет информации ни о чистоте вещества, ни о произ

2) Компьютерная техника: Common Authorization System, Computed Answer Substitution, centralized attendant service, хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому (content-addressable storage), content-addressable storage (хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому)

3) Авиация: (см.) Crew Alerting System

4) Морской термин: схема оценки состояния (Condition Assessment Scheme)

5) Медицина: clinical application specialist

6) Спорт: Court Of Arbitration For Sports

7) Военный термин: Cadet Accountability System, Central Authentication Service, Chief of the Air Staff, Chinese Air To Surface, Church Army Society, Combined Arms and Services Staff, Contract Administration Service, Conversion Armor System, Coordinator of Army Studies, Crises Action System, Crisis Action Staff, calculated air speed, children's Army school, citizens alarm system, civil affairs section, close air support, coast artillery school, coded armaments system, combat alert status, command aviation section, communications analysis section, compensating air supply, complete assembly for strike, controlled airspace, courier air service, непосредственная авиационная поддержка ( НАП) (Close Air Support)

8) Техника: Central Amplifier Station, Committee for Assurance for Supply, aircraft collision avoidance system, chemical addition system, circuits and systems, command active sonobuoy, command augmentation system, common access space, communicat-ing applications specification, communications antenna sleeve, compressed air system, containment annunciator subpanel

9) Шутливое выражение: Computers Are Swine

10) Математика: Computer Algebra System, СКА, система компьютерной алгебры (Система компьютерной алгебры (СКА,)— это приложение, помогающее выполнять символьные вычисления.СКА — это работа с математическими выражениями в аналитической (символьной) форме.)

11) Юридический термин: Corporal Alternative Sentencing, Creativity Action And Service

12) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Annual Statement

13) Страхование: Casualty Actuarial Society

14) Автомобильный термин: clean air system, crank angle sensor, creep aid system (automatic transmissions)

15) Ветеринария: Companion Animal Society (New Zealand)

16) Грубое выражение: Confusion Anarchy Stupidity

17) Металлургия: Американское Химическое Общество

18) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Activity Sensor, Channel Associated Signaling

19) Сокращение: Calibrated Airspeed, Case Analysis System, Casualty Assessment System, Civil Air Service, Collision Avoidance System, Combat Advice System, Combat Ammunition System, Combined Antenna System, Committee on Atmospheric Sciences, Computer-Aided Supportability, Contemporary Art Society, Cost Accounting Standards, Crisis Action System (USA), Cast Alloy Steel, Channel Address Strobe, Communicating Applications Specification, Current Awareness Service, COSTAR Alignment System, CPE Alerting Signal (caller ID with call waiting), Calibrated Ancillary System, California Academy of Sciences (Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California), California Avocado Society, Call Accounting Subsystem, Call Accounting System, Call-waiting Alerting Signal, Calorimetric Absorption Spectroscopy, Cam Actuated Switch, Canadian AIDS Society, Canadian Aerophilatelic Society, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Canards Actuator System (Army, artillery), Capable, Available and Suitable, Cardinal Air Services Inc (Fullerton Airport, Orange County California), Career Advancement Scheme (Indian universities), Carrier Accounting System (Sprint), Casablanca, Anfa Morocco (airport code), Casablanca, Morocco ANFA Airport (city/airport code), Case Assignment, Casine (cell plating), Catalog Address Space, Catch Assessment System (fisheries), Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications (Ohio State University), Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Automotive Safety, Center on an Aging Society, Central Accounting System, Central Administration Support, Central Alarm Station, Central Alarm System, Central Asian States, Central Attendant Service, Central Authentication Service (Yale University and JA-SIG), Centrale Archief Selectiedienst, Centralized Administrative System, Centre for Adaptive Systems, Centre for Animal Sciences, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems (Australia), Certificate of Advanced Studies, Certificate of Applied Science (degree), Certification Authorities, Certified Advertising Specialist, Certified Annuity Specialist, Channel Access Sublayer, Channel Assigned Signaling (Hekimian), Chemical Abstract Service, Chemical Abstracts Registry Service, Chemical Abstracts Service (division of the American Chemical Society), Chemical Association Service, Chief of Air Staff, Children's Aid Society, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chromosome Aberration Simulator, Circuit Associated Signaling, Circuits and Systems Society (IEEE), Citizen Auto Stage Company (Nogales, AZ), Citrix Access Suite, Citrix Activation System, Civil Agencies Sector, Claims Auto Specialist, Clark Ashton Smith (American author), Classic Arts Showcase, Clean Access Server, Clean Air Solvent, Clean Air Source, Client Access Service (Microsoft), Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Cockpit Avionics System, Coconino Astronomical Society (Flagstaff, AZ), Code Access Security (Microsoft. NET Framework), Cold Air Standard, Collaboration At Sea (US Navy SPAWAR), College Alcohol Study, College of Analytical Studies (US Federal Bureau of Investigation), College of Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences (various colleges and universities), Columbia Audubon Society (South Carolina), Column Access Strobe, Column Address Select, Column Address Signal (computer memory), Combat Air Support, Combat Applications Squadron, Combat Arms School (Canadian Forces; now defunct), Combined Anode Stirrer, Comma Delimited Ascii, Command Augmentation System (NASA), Command Automation System, Commercial Activities System, Commercially Available Software, Commission Accounting System, Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO), Common Aircraft Servicing, Communications Accounting System (Highland Lakes), Community Action Service (International Baccalaureate high school program requirement), Complete Active Space (quantum chemistry), Complex Adaptive System, Complex Adaptive Systems, Component Administration System, Component Anesthesia Systems, Computational AeroSciences (NASA project), Computed Air Speed, Computer Aided Systems, Computer Algebra System (mathematical computation software), Computer Anwendungs- und Systemberatung GmbH, Computer As Source, Computer Assisted Surgery, Computer Assurance Services, Computer and Systems Engineering (Sprint), Computer-Aided Selling, Computer-Aided Service, Inc., Computer-Aided Software, Computer-Aided Styling, Computer-Aided Support, Computer-Aided Training, Computer-Assisted System, Computerized Autodial System, Computing in Atmospheric Sciences Workshop, Condition Assessment Scheme (ships), Condition Assessment Survey, Conditional Access System, Configuration Assurance Solution (Cisco), Conflict Alert System, Conformal Antenna System, Conformal-Array Seeker, Connecticut Association of Schools, Consejo Asesor de Seguridad (Guatemala), Consenting Adults, Consolidated Administration System, Consolidated Application System, Construction Area Sign, Consultant Accreditation Service, Consultant and Affiliate Services, Containment Assessment Plan, Contemporary Arts Society, Content Adaptation Service, Content Adaptors, Content Addressable Storage, Content Addressed Storage, Continental Automotive Systems, Contingency Alerting System, Contract Administration Services, Contract Administration Standards, Contract Administrative Services, Contract Air Services, Contract Analysis System, Control Actuation System, Control Alarm Station, Control Augmentation System, Controlled ATM Switch (Cisco), Controlled American Source, Coordinated Air Strike, Coordinating Address Space, Corporate Account Space, Corporate Administrative System (Canada), Cost Accounting Standard, Cost Accounting System, Country Assistance Strategy, Court of Arbitration for Sport, Cowboy Action Shooting, Craft Access System, Cranial Abscessation Syndrome (deer disease), Crash Analysis System (Land Transport New Zealand), Create-A-Sim (EA Games; The Sims), Creatively Agonizing Students, Creativity, Action and Service (International Baccalaureate Diploma), Credit Approval Sheet (banking), Crew Alerting System, Crisis Action System, Criticality Alarm System, Current Account Surplus, Current Assessment Summary, Customer Acceptance Specification, Customer Access Server, Customer Access Services, Customer Account Services, Customer Administrative Services, Customer Alert Signal, Customer Analysis and Solutions (Sterling Wentworth), Customer Ancillary Service, Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Athletic Association, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Spotted Wolffish (FAO fish species code), civil aviation security (US DoD)

20) Университет: Campus Automation System, Centre For Applied Statistics, Centre Of African Studies, Certificate Of Advanced Study, Course Applicability System, Curriculum Administration System

21) Школьное выражение: College of Arts and Science

22) Электроника: Central Amplifier Stations

23) Вычислительная техника: Column Address Strobe, Computer Aided Styling, computer-aided system, автоматизированная система, Communicating Applications Specification (FAX, Intel, DCA), Column Address Strobe (IC, DRAM), Чистый сервер доступа

24) Нефть: Circumferential Acoustic Scanning

25) Связь: Channel Associated Signalling

26) Космонавтика: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)

27) Банковское дело: надбавка за счёт пересмотра валютных паритетов (currency adjustment surcharge)

28) Транспорт: Commence Average Speed

29) Деловая лексика: Computer Aided Service

30) Образование: Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (в Великобритании)

31) Валютные операции: дополнительный сбор за корректировку валютного курса (currency adjustment surcharge)

32) Инвестиции: currency adjustment surcharge

33) Сетевые технологии: Communication Application Software, Communication Application Specification, Conference Application Server, Controlled Access Signaling, спецификация приложений связи

34) Программирование: Column Access Select

35) Автоматика: computer-aided service planning, continuous analog scanning

36) Океанография: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

37) Химическое оружие: Chemical Abstracts Service, corrective action study

38) Авиационная медицина: Coriolis acceleration susceptibility

39) Макаров: calibrated air speed, complete active space, полное активное пространство

40) Безопасность: Cpe Alert Signal, центральный пункт сигнализации (Central Alarm Station)

41) Расширение файла: Column Address Select/Strobe, Communications Application Specification, C + ASM language source (Turbo C)

42) Нефть и газ: Chemical Abstracts System, cascade mode, Chemical Abstract Services

43) Аварийное восстановление: continuous availability services

44) Общественная организация: Crossroads Adoption Services

45) Аэропорты: Casablanca, Morocco

46) AMEX. A. M. Castle & Company

47) Международные перевозки: сurrеnсу adjustment surcharge

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CAS
8 CAs

1) Общая лексика: Академия наук Китая (China Academy of Sciences), Chemical Abstract Services (Международный CAS-номер присваивается химическим веществам американской организацией Chemical Abstract Services. Этот уникальный номер не несет информации ни о чистоте вещества, ни о произ

2) Компьютерная техника: Common Authorization System, Computed Answer Substitution, centralized attendant service, хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому (content-addressable storage), content-addressable storage (хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому)

3) Авиация: (см.) Crew Alerting System

4) Морской термин: схема оценки состояния (Condition Assessment Scheme)

5) Медицина: clinical application specialist

6) Спорт: Court Of Arbitration For Sports

7) Военный термин: Cadet Accountability System, Central Authentication Service, Chief of the Air Staff, Chinese Air To Surface, Church Army Society, Combined Arms and Services Staff, Contract Administration Service, Conversion Armor System, Coordinator of Army Studies, Crises Action System, Crisis Action Staff, calculated air speed, children's Army school, citizens alarm system, civil affairs section, close air support, coast artillery school, coded armaments system, combat alert status, command aviation section, communications analysis section, compensating air supply, complete assembly for strike, controlled airspace, courier air service, непосредственная авиационная поддержка ( НАП) (Close Air Support)

8) Техника: Central Amplifier Station, Committee for Assurance for Supply, aircraft collision avoidance system, chemical addition system, circuits and systems, command active sonobuoy, command augmentation system, common access space, communicat-ing applications specification, communications antenna sleeve, compressed air system, containment annunciator subpanel

9) Шутливое выражение: Computers Are Swine

10) Математика: Computer Algebra System, СКА, система компьютерной алгебры (Система компьютерной алгебры (СКА,)— это приложение, помогающее выполнять символьные вычисления.СКА — это работа с математическими выражениями в аналитической (символьной) форме.)

11) Юридический термин: Corporal Alternative Sentencing, Creativity Action And Service

12) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Annual Statement

13) Страхование: Casualty Actuarial Society

14) Автомобильный термин: clean air system, crank angle sensor, creep aid system (automatic transmissions)

15) Ветеринария: Companion Animal Society (New Zealand)

16) Грубое выражение: Confusion Anarchy Stupidity

17) Металлургия: Американское Химическое Общество

18) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Activity Sensor, Channel Associated Signaling

19) Сокращение: Calibrated Airspeed, Case Analysis System, Casualty Assessment System, Civil Air Service, Collision Avoidance System, Combat Advice System, Combat Ammunition System, Combined Antenna System, Committee on Atmospheric Sciences, Computer-Aided Supportability, Contemporary Art Society, Cost Accounting Standards, Crisis Action System (USA), Cast Alloy Steel, Channel Address Strobe, Communicating Applications Specification, Current Awareness Service, COSTAR Alignment System, CPE Alerting Signal (caller ID with call waiting), Calibrated Ancillary System, California Academy of Sciences (Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California), California Avocado Society, Call Accounting Subsystem, Call Accounting System, Call-waiting Alerting Signal, Calorimetric Absorption Spectroscopy, Cam Actuated Switch, Canadian AIDS Society, Canadian Aerophilatelic Society, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Canards Actuator System (Army, artillery), Capable, Available and Suitable, Cardinal Air Services Inc (Fullerton Airport, Orange County California), Career Advancement Scheme (Indian universities), Carrier Accounting System (Sprint), Casablanca, Anfa Morocco (airport code), Casablanca, Morocco ANFA Airport (city/airport code), Case Assignment, Casine (cell plating), Catalog Address Space, Catch Assessment System (fisheries), Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications (Ohio State University), Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Automotive Safety, Center on an Aging Society, Central Accounting System, Central Administration Support, Central Alarm Station, Central Alarm System, Central Asian States, Central Attendant Service, Central Authentication Service (Yale University and JA-SIG), Centrale Archief Selectiedienst, Centralized Administrative System, Centre for Adaptive Systems, Centre for Animal Sciences, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems (Australia), Certificate of Advanced Studies, Certificate of Applied Science (degree), Certification Authorities, Certified Advertising Specialist, Certified Annuity Specialist, Channel Access Sublayer, Channel Assigned Signaling (Hekimian), Chemical Abstract Service, Chemical Abstracts Registry Service, Chemical Abstracts Service (division of the American Chemical Society), Chemical Association Service, Chief of Air Staff, Children's Aid Society, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chromosome Aberration Simulator, Circuit Associated Signaling, Circuits and Systems Society (IEEE), Citizen Auto Stage Company (Nogales, AZ), Citrix Access Suite, Citrix Activation System, Civil Agencies Sector, Claims Auto Specialist, Clark Ashton Smith (American author), Classic Arts Showcase, Clean Access Server, Clean Air Solvent, Clean Air Source, Client Access Service (Microsoft), Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Cockpit Avionics System, Coconino Astronomical Society (Flagstaff, AZ), Code Access Security (Microsoft. NET Framework), Cold Air Standard, Collaboration At Sea (US Navy SPAWAR), College Alcohol Study, College of Analytical Studies (US Federal Bureau of Investigation), College of Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences (various colleges and universities), Columbia Audubon Society (South Carolina), Column Access Strobe, Column Address Select, Column Address Signal (computer memory), Combat Air Support, Combat Applications Squadron, Combat Arms School (Canadian Forces; now defunct), Combined Anode Stirrer, Comma Delimited Ascii, Command Augmentation System (NASA), Command Automation System, Commercial Activities System, Commercially Available Software, Commission Accounting System, Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO), Common Aircraft Servicing, Communications Accounting System (Highland Lakes), Community Action Service (International Baccalaureate high school program requirement), Complete Active Space (quantum chemistry), Complex Adaptive System, Complex Adaptive Systems, Component Administration System, Component Anesthesia Systems, Computational AeroSciences (NASA project), Computed Air Speed, Computer Aided Systems, Computer Algebra System (mathematical computation software), Computer Anwendungs- und Systemberatung GmbH, Computer As Source, Computer Assisted Surgery, Computer Assurance Services, Computer and Systems Engineering (Sprint), Computer-Aided Selling, Computer-Aided Service, Inc., Computer-Aided Software, Computer-Aided Styling, Computer-Aided Support, Computer-Aided Training, Computer-Assisted System, Computerized Autodial System, Computing in Atmospheric Sciences Workshop, Condition Assessment Scheme (ships), Condition Assessment Survey, Conditional Access System, Configuration Assurance Solution (Cisco), Conflict Alert System, Conformal Antenna System, Conformal-Array Seeker, Connecticut Association of Schools, Consejo Asesor de Seguridad (Guatemala), Consenting Adults, Consolidated Administration System, Consolidated Application System, Construction Area Sign, Consultant Accreditation Service, Consultant and Affiliate Services, Containment Assessment Plan, Contemporary Arts Society, Content Adaptation Service, Content Adaptors, Content Addressable Storage, Content Addressed Storage, Continental Automotive Systems, Contingency Alerting System, Contract Administration Services, Contract Administration Standards, Contract Administrative Services, Contract Air Services, Contract Analysis System, Control Actuation System, Control Alarm Station, Control Augmentation System, Controlled ATM Switch (Cisco), Controlled American Source, Coordinated Air Strike, Coordinating Address Space, Corporate Account Space, Corporate Administrative System (Canada), Cost Accounting Standard, Cost Accounting System, Country Assistance Strategy, Court of Arbitration for Sport, Cowboy Action Shooting, Craft Access System, Cranial Abscessation Syndrome (deer disease), Crash Analysis System (Land Transport New Zealand), Create-A-Sim (EA Games; The Sims), Creatively Agonizing Students, Creativity, Action and Service (International Baccalaureate Diploma), Credit Approval Sheet (banking), Crew Alerting System, Crisis Action System, Criticality Alarm System, Current Account Surplus, Current Assessment Summary, Customer Acceptance Specification, Customer Access Server, Customer Access Services, Customer Account Services, Customer Administrative Services, Customer Alert Signal, Customer Analysis and Solutions (Sterling Wentworth), Customer Ancillary Service, Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Athletic Association, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Spotted Wolffish (FAO fish species code), civil aviation security (US DoD)

20) Университет: Campus Automation System, Centre For Applied Statistics, Centre Of African Studies, Certificate Of Advanced Study, Course Applicability System, Curriculum Administration System

21) Школьное выражение: College of Arts and Science

22) Электроника: Central Amplifier Stations

23) Вычислительная техника: Column Address Strobe, Computer Aided Styling, computer-aided system, автоматизированная система, Communicating Applications Specification (FAX, Intel, DCA), Column Address Strobe (IC, DRAM), Чистый сервер доступа

24) Нефть: Circumferential Acoustic Scanning

25) Связь: Channel Associated Signalling

26) Космонавтика: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)

27) Банковское дело: надбавка за счёт пересмотра валютных паритетов (currency adjustment surcharge)

28) Транспорт: Commence Average Speed

29) Деловая лексика: Computer Aided Service

30) Образование: Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (в Великобритании)

31) Валютные операции: дополнительный сбор за корректировку валютного курса (currency adjustment surcharge)

32) Инвестиции: currency adjustment surcharge

33) Сетевые технологии: Communication Application Software, Communication Application Specification, Conference Application Server, Controlled Access Signaling, спецификация приложений связи

34) Программирование: Column Access Select

35) Автоматика: computer-aided service planning, continuous analog scanning

36) Океанография: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

37) Химическое оружие: Chemical Abstracts Service, corrective action study

38) Авиационная медицина: Coriolis acceleration susceptibility

39) Макаров: calibrated air speed, complete active space, полное активное пространство

40) Безопасность: Cpe Alert Signal, центральный пункт сигнализации (Central Alarm Station)

41) Расширение файла: Column Address Select/Strobe, Communications Application Specification, C + ASM language source (Turbo C)

42) Нефть и газ: Chemical Abstracts System, cascade mode, Chemical Abstract Services

43) Аварийное восстановление: continuous availability services

44) Общественная организация: Crossroads Adoption Services

45) Аэропорты: Casablanca, Morocco

46) AMEX. A. M. Castle & Company

47) Международные перевозки: сurrеnсу adjustment surcharge

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CAs
9 Cas

1) Общая лексика: Академия наук Китая (China Academy of Sciences), Chemical Abstract Services (Международный CAS-номер присваивается химическим веществам американской организацией Chemical Abstract Services. Этот уникальный номер не несет информации ни о чистоте вещества, ни о произ

2) Компьютерная техника: Common Authorization System, Computed Answer Substitution, centralized attendant service, хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому (content-addressable storage), content-addressable storage (хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому)

3) Авиация: (см.) Crew Alerting System

4) Морской термин: схема оценки состояния (Condition Assessment Scheme)

5) Медицина: clinical application specialist

6) Спорт: Court Of Arbitration For Sports

7) Военный термин: Cadet Accountability System, Central Authentication Service, Chief of the Air Staff, Chinese Air To Surface, Church Army Society, Combined Arms and Services Staff, Contract Administration Service, Conversion Armor System, Coordinator of Army Studies, Crises Action System, Crisis Action Staff, calculated air speed, children's Army school, citizens alarm system, civil affairs section, close air support, coast artillery school, coded armaments system, combat alert status, command aviation section, communications analysis section, compensating air supply, complete assembly for strike, controlled airspace, courier air service, непосредственная авиационная поддержка ( НАП) (Close Air Support)

8) Техника: Central Amplifier Station, Committee for Assurance for Supply, aircraft collision avoidance system, chemical addition system, circuits and systems, command active sonobuoy, command augmentation system, common access space, communicat-ing applications specification, communications antenna sleeve, compressed air system, containment annunciator subpanel

9) Шутливое выражение: Computers Are Swine

10) Математика: Computer Algebra System, СКА, система компьютерной алгебры (Система компьютерной алгебры (СКА,)— это приложение, помогающее выполнять символьные вычисления.СКА — это работа с математическими выражениями в аналитической (символьной) форме.)

11) Юридический термин: Corporal Alternative Sentencing, Creativity Action And Service

12) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Annual Statement

13) Страхование: Casualty Actuarial Society

14) Автомобильный термин: clean air system, crank angle sensor, creep aid system (automatic transmissions)

15) Ветеринария: Companion Animal Society (New Zealand)

16) Грубое выражение: Confusion Anarchy Stupidity

17) Металлургия: Американское Химическое Общество

18) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Activity Sensor, Channel Associated Signaling

19) Сокращение: Calibrated Airspeed, Case Analysis System, Casualty Assessment System, Civil Air Service, Collision Avoidance System, Combat Advice System, Combat Ammunition System, Combined Antenna System, Committee on Atmospheric Sciences, Computer-Aided Supportability, Contemporary Art Society, Cost Accounting Standards, Crisis Action System (USA), Cast Alloy Steel, Channel Address Strobe, Communicating Applications Specification, Current Awareness Service, COSTAR Alignment System, CPE Alerting Signal (caller ID with call waiting), Calibrated Ancillary System, California Academy of Sciences (Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California), California Avocado Society, Call Accounting Subsystem, Call Accounting System, Call-waiting Alerting Signal, Calorimetric Absorption Spectroscopy, Cam Actuated Switch, Canadian AIDS Society, Canadian Aerophilatelic Society, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Canards Actuator System (Army, artillery), Capable, Available and Suitable, Cardinal Air Services Inc (Fullerton Airport, Orange County California), Career Advancement Scheme (Indian universities), Carrier Accounting System (Sprint), Casablanca, Anfa Morocco (airport code), Casablanca, Morocco ANFA Airport (city/airport code), Case Assignment, Casine (cell plating), Catalog Address Space, Catch Assessment System (fisheries), Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications (Ohio State University), Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Automotive Safety, Center on an Aging Society, Central Accounting System, Central Administration Support, Central Alarm Station, Central Alarm System, Central Asian States, Central Attendant Service, Central Authentication Service (Yale University and JA-SIG), Centrale Archief Selectiedienst, Centralized Administrative System, Centre for Adaptive Systems, Centre for Animal Sciences, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems (Australia), Certificate of Advanced Studies, Certificate of Applied Science (degree), Certification Authorities, Certified Advertising Specialist, Certified Annuity Specialist, Channel Access Sublayer, Channel Assigned Signaling (Hekimian), Chemical Abstract Service, Chemical Abstracts Registry Service, Chemical Abstracts Service (division of the American Chemical Society), Chemical Association Service, Chief of Air Staff, Children's Aid Society, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chromosome Aberration Simulator, Circuit Associated Signaling, Circuits and Systems Society (IEEE), Citizen Auto Stage Company (Nogales, AZ), Citrix Access Suite, Citrix Activation System, Civil Agencies Sector, Claims Auto Specialist, Clark Ashton Smith (American author), Classic Arts Showcase, Clean Access Server, Clean Air Solvent, Clean Air Source, Client Access Service (Microsoft), Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Cockpit Avionics System, Coconino Astronomical Society (Flagstaff, AZ), Code Access Security (Microsoft. NET Framework), Cold Air Standard, Collaboration At Sea (US Navy SPAWAR), College Alcohol Study, College of Analytical Studies (US Federal Bureau of Investigation), College of Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences (various colleges and universities), Columbia Audubon Society (South Carolina), Column Access Strobe, Column Address Select, Column Address Signal (computer memory), Combat Air Support, Combat Applications Squadron, Combat Arms School (Canadian Forces; now defunct), Combined Anode Stirrer, Comma Delimited Ascii, Command Augmentation System (NASA), Command Automation System, Commercial Activities System, Commercially Available Software, Commission Accounting System, Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO), Common Aircraft Servicing, Communications Accounting System (Highland Lakes), Community Action Service (International Baccalaureate high school program requirement), Complete Active Space (quantum chemistry), Complex Adaptive System, Complex Adaptive Systems, Component Administration System, Component Anesthesia Systems, Computational AeroSciences (NASA project), Computed Air Speed, Computer Aided Systems, Computer Algebra System (mathematical computation software), Computer Anwendungs- und Systemberatung GmbH, Computer As Source, Computer Assisted Surgery, Computer Assurance Services, Computer and Systems Engineering (Sprint), Computer-Aided Selling, Computer-Aided Service, Inc., Computer-Aided Software, Computer-Aided Styling, Computer-Aided Support, Computer-Aided Training, Computer-Assisted System, Computerized Autodial System, Computing in Atmospheric Sciences Workshop, Condition Assessment Scheme (ships), Condition Assessment Survey, Conditional Access System, Configuration Assurance Solution (Cisco), Conflict Alert System, Conformal Antenna System, Conformal-Array Seeker, Connecticut Association of Schools, Consejo Asesor de Seguridad (Guatemala), Consenting Adults, Consolidated Administration System, Consolidated Application System, Construction Area Sign, Consultant Accreditation Service, Consultant and Affiliate Services, Containment Assessment Plan, Contemporary Arts Society, Content Adaptation Service, Content Adaptors, Content Addressable Storage, Content Addressed Storage, Continental Automotive Systems, Contingency Alerting System, Contract Administration Services, Contract Administration Standards, Contract Administrative Services, Contract Air Services, Contract Analysis System, Control Actuation System, Control Alarm Station, Control Augmentation System, Controlled ATM Switch (Cisco), Controlled American Source, Coordinated Air Strike, Coordinating Address Space, Corporate Account Space, Corporate Administrative System (Canada), Cost Accounting Standard, Cost Accounting System, Country Assistance Strategy, Court of Arbitration for Sport, Cowboy Action Shooting, Craft Access System, Cranial Abscessation Syndrome (deer disease), Crash Analysis System (Land Transport New Zealand), Create-A-Sim (EA Games; The Sims), Creatively Agonizing Students, Creativity, Action and Service (International Baccalaureate Diploma), Credit Approval Sheet (banking), Crew Alerting System, Crisis Action System, Criticality Alarm System, Current Account Surplus, Current Assessment Summary, Customer Acceptance Specification, Customer Access Server, Customer Access Services, Customer Account Services, Customer Administrative Services, Customer Alert Signal, Customer Analysis and Solutions (Sterling Wentworth), Customer Ancillary Service, Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Athletic Association, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Spotted Wolffish (FAO fish species code), civil aviation security (US DoD)

20) Университет: Campus Automation System, Centre For Applied Statistics, Centre Of African Studies, Certificate Of Advanced Study, Course Applicability System, Curriculum Administration System

21) Школьное выражение: College of Arts and Science

22) Электроника: Central Amplifier Stations

23) Вычислительная техника: Column Address Strobe, Computer Aided Styling, computer-aided system, автоматизированная система, Communicating Applications Specification (FAX, Intel, DCA), Column Address Strobe (IC, DRAM), Чистый сервер доступа

24) Нефть: Circumferential Acoustic Scanning

25) Связь: Channel Associated Signalling

26) Космонавтика: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)

27) Банковское дело: надбавка за счёт пересмотра валютных паритетов (currency adjustment surcharge)

28) Транспорт: Commence Average Speed

29) Деловая лексика: Computer Aided Service

30) Образование: Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (в Великобритании)

31) Валютные операции: дополнительный сбор за корректировку валютного курса (currency adjustment surcharge)

32) Инвестиции: currency adjustment surcharge

33) Сетевые технологии: Communication Application Software, Communication Application Specification, Conference Application Server, Controlled Access Signaling, спецификация приложений связи

34) Программирование: Column Access Select

35) Автоматика: computer-aided service planning, continuous analog scanning

36) Океанография: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

37) Химическое оружие: Chemical Abstracts Service, corrective action study

38) Авиационная медицина: Coriolis acceleration susceptibility

39) Макаров: calibrated air speed, complete active space, полное активное пространство

40) Безопасность: Cpe Alert Signal, центральный пункт сигнализации (Central Alarm Station)

41) Расширение файла: Column Address Select/Strobe, Communications Application Specification, C + ASM language source (Turbo C)

42) Нефть и газ: Chemical Abstracts System, cascade mode, Chemical Abstract Services

43) Аварийное восстановление: continuous availability services

44) Общественная организация: Crossroads Adoption Services

45) Аэропорты: Casablanca, Morocco

46) AMEX. A. M. Castle & Company

47) Международные перевозки: сurrеnсу adjustment surcharge

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Cas
10 cas

1) Общая лексика: Академия наук Китая (China Academy of Sciences), Chemical Abstract Services (Международный CAS-номер присваивается химическим веществам американской организацией Chemical Abstract Services. Этот уникальный номер не несет информации ни о чистоте вещества, ни о произ

2) Компьютерная техника: Common Authorization System, Computed Answer Substitution, centralized attendant service, хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому (content-addressable storage), content-addressable storage (хранение данных с адресацией по содержимому)

3) Авиация: (см.) Crew Alerting System

4) Морской термин: схема оценки состояния (Condition Assessment Scheme)

5) Медицина: clinical application specialist

6) Спорт: Court Of Arbitration For Sports

7) Военный термин: Cadet Accountability System, Central Authentication Service, Chief of the Air Staff, Chinese Air To Surface, Church Army Society, Combined Arms and Services Staff, Contract Administration Service, Conversion Armor System, Coordinator of Army Studies, Crises Action System, Crisis Action Staff, calculated air speed, children's Army school, citizens alarm system, civil affairs section, close air support, coast artillery school, coded armaments system, combat alert status, command aviation section, communications analysis section, compensating air supply, complete assembly for strike, controlled airspace, courier air service, непосредственная авиационная поддержка ( НАП) (Close Air Support)

8) Техника: Central Amplifier Station, Committee for Assurance for Supply, aircraft collision avoidance system, chemical addition system, circuits and systems, command active sonobuoy, command augmentation system, common access space, communicat-ing applications specification, communications antenna sleeve, compressed air system, containment annunciator subpanel

9) Шутливое выражение: Computers Are Swine

10) Математика: Computer Algebra System, СКА, система компьютерной алгебры (Система компьютерной алгебры (СКА,)— это приложение, помогающее выполнять символьные вычисления.СКА — это работа с математическими выражениями в аналитической (символьной) форме.)

11) Юридический термин: Corporal Alternative Sentencing, Creativity Action And Service

12) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Annual Statement

13) Страхование: Casualty Actuarial Society

14) Автомобильный термин: clean air system, crank angle sensor, creep aid system (automatic transmissions)

15) Ветеринария: Companion Animal Society (New Zealand)

16) Грубое выражение: Confusion Anarchy Stupidity

17) Металлургия: Американское Химическое Общество

18) Телекоммуникации: Carrier Activity Sensor, Channel Associated Signaling

19) Сокращение: Calibrated Airspeed, Case Analysis System, Casualty Assessment System, Civil Air Service, Collision Avoidance System, Combat Advice System, Combat Ammunition System, Combined Antenna System, Committee on Atmospheric Sciences, Computer-Aided Supportability, Contemporary Art Society, Cost Accounting Standards, Crisis Action System (USA), Cast Alloy Steel, Channel Address Strobe, Communicating Applications Specification, Current Awareness Service, COSTAR Alignment System, CPE Alerting Signal (caller ID with call waiting), Calibrated Ancillary System, California Academy of Sciences (Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California), California Avocado Society, Call Accounting Subsystem, Call Accounting System, Call-waiting Alerting Signal, Calorimetric Absorption Spectroscopy, Cam Actuated Switch, Canadian AIDS Society, Canadian Aerophilatelic Society, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society, Canards Actuator System (Army, artillery), Capable, Available and Suitable, Cardinal Air Services Inc (Fullerton Airport, Orange County California), Career Advancement Scheme (Indian universities), Carrier Accounting System (Sprint), Casablanca, Anfa Morocco (airport code), Casablanca, Morocco ANFA Airport (city/airport code), Case Assignment, Casine (cell plating), Catalog Address Space, Catch Assessment System (fisheries), Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications (Ohio State University), Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Automotive Safety, Center on an Aging Society, Central Accounting System, Central Administration Support, Central Alarm Station, Central Alarm System, Central Asian States, Central Attendant Service, Central Authentication Service (Yale University and JA-SIG), Centrale Archief Selectiedienst, Centralized Administrative System, Centre for Adaptive Systems, Centre for Animal Sciences, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems (Australia), Certificate of Advanced Studies, Certificate of Applied Science (degree), Certification Authorities, Certified Advertising Specialist, Certified Annuity Specialist, Channel Access Sublayer, Channel Assigned Signaling (Hekimian), Chemical Abstract Service, Chemical Abstracts Registry Service, Chemical Abstracts Service (division of the American Chemical Society), Chemical Association Service, Chief of Air Staff, Children's Aid Society, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chromosome Aberration Simulator, Circuit Associated Signaling, Circuits and Systems Society (IEEE), Citizen Auto Stage Company (Nogales, AZ), Citrix Access Suite, Citrix Activation System, Civil Agencies Sector, Claims Auto Specialist, Clark Ashton Smith (American author), Classic Arts Showcase, Clean Access Server, Clean Air Solvent, Clean Air Source, Client Access Service (Microsoft), Clinical Ayurvedic Specialist, Cockpit Avionics System, Coconino Astronomical Society (Flagstaff, AZ), Code Access Security (Microsoft. NET Framework), Cold Air Standard, Collaboration At Sea (US Navy SPAWAR), College Alcohol Study, College of Analytical Studies (US Federal Bureau of Investigation), College of Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences (various colleges and universities), Columbia Audubon Society (South Carolina), Column Access Strobe, Column Address Select, Column Address Signal (computer memory), Combat Air Support, Combat Applications Squadron, Combat Arms School (Canadian Forces; now defunct), Combined Anode Stirrer, Comma Delimited Ascii, Command Augmentation System (NASA), Command Automation System, Commercial Activities System, Commercially Available Software, Commission Accounting System, Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO), Common Aircraft Servicing, Communications Accounting System (Highland Lakes), Community Action Service (International Baccalaureate high school program requirement), Complete Active Space (quantum chemistry), Complex Adaptive System, Complex Adaptive Systems, Component Administration System, Component Anesthesia Systems, Computational AeroSciences (NASA project), Computed Air Speed, Computer Aided Systems, Computer Algebra System (mathematical computation software), Computer Anwendungs- und Systemberatung GmbH, Computer As Source, Computer Assisted Surgery, Computer Assurance Services, Computer and Systems Engineering (Sprint), Computer-Aided Selling, Computer-Aided Service, Inc., Computer-Aided Software, Computer-Aided Styling, Computer-Aided Support, Computer-Aided Training, Computer-Assisted System, Computerized Autodial System, Computing in Atmospheric Sciences Workshop, Condition Assessment Scheme (ships), Condition Assessment Survey, Conditional Access System, Configuration Assurance Solution (Cisco), Conflict Alert System, Conformal Antenna System, Conformal-Array Seeker, Connecticut Association of Schools, Consejo Asesor de Seguridad (Guatemala), Consenting Adults, Consolidated Administration System, Consolidated Application System, Construction Area Sign, Consultant Accreditation Service, Consultant and Affiliate Services, Containment Assessment Plan, Contemporary Arts Society, Content Adaptation Service, Content Adaptors, Content Addressable Storage, Content Addressed Storage, Continental Automotive Systems, Contingency Alerting System, Contract Administration Services, Contract Administration Standards, Contract Administrative Services, Contract Air Services, Contract Analysis System, Control Actuation System, Control Alarm Station, Control Augmentation System, Controlled ATM Switch (Cisco), Controlled American Source, Coordinated Air Strike, Coordinating Address Space, Corporate Account Space, Corporate Administrative System (Canada), Cost Accounting Standard, Cost Accounting System, Country Assistance Strategy, Court of Arbitration for Sport, Cowboy Action Shooting, Craft Access System, Cranial Abscessation Syndrome (deer disease), Crash Analysis System (Land Transport New Zealand), Create-A-Sim (EA Games; The Sims), Creatively Agonizing Students, Creativity, Action and Service (International Baccalaureate Diploma), Credit Approval Sheet (banking), Crew Alerting System, Crisis Action System, Criticality Alarm System, Current Account Surplus, Current Assessment Summary, Customer Acceptance Specification, Customer Access Server, Customer Access Services, Customer Account Services, Customer Administrative Services, Customer Alert Signal, Customer Analysis and Solutions (Sterling Wentworth), Customer Ancillary Service, Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Athletic Association, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, Spotted Wolffish (FAO fish species code), civil aviation security (US DoD)

20) Университет: Campus Automation System, Centre For Applied Statistics, Centre Of African Studies, Certificate Of Advanced Study, Course Applicability System, Curriculum Administration System

21) Школьное выражение: College of Arts and Science

22) Электроника: Central Amplifier Stations

23) Вычислительная техника: Column Address Strobe, Computer Aided Styling, computer-aided system, автоматизированная система, Communicating Applications Specification (FAX, Intel, DCA), Column Address Strobe (IC, DRAM), Чистый сервер доступа

24) Нефть: Circumferential Acoustic Scanning

25) Связь: Channel Associated Signalling

26) Космонавтика: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)

27) Банковское дело: надбавка за счёт пересмотра валютных паритетов (currency adjustment surcharge)

28) Транспорт: Commence Average Speed

29) Деловая лексика: Computer Aided Service

30) Образование: Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (в Великобритании)

31) Валютные операции: дополнительный сбор за корректировку валютного курса (currency adjustment surcharge)

32) Инвестиции: currency adjustment surcharge

33) Сетевые технологии: Communication Application Software, Communication Application Specification, Conference Application Server, Controlled Access Signaling, спецификация приложений связи

34) Программирование: Column Access Select

35) Автоматика: computer-aided service planning, continuous analog scanning

36) Океанография: Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

37) Химическое оружие: Chemical Abstracts Service, corrective action study

38) Авиационная медицина: Coriolis acceleration susceptibility

39) Макаров: calibrated air speed, complete active space, полное активное пространство

40) Безопасность: Cpe Alert Signal, центральный пункт сигнализации (Central Alarm Station)

41) Расширение файла: Column Address Select/Strobe, Communications Application Specification, C + ASM language source (Turbo C)

42) Нефть и газ: Chemical Abstracts System, cascade mode, Chemical Abstract Services

43) Аварийное восстановление: continuous availability services

44) Общественная организация: Crossroads Adoption Services

45) Аэропорты: Casablanca, Morocco

46) AMEX. A. M. Castle & Company

47) Международные перевозки: сurrеnсу adjustment surcharge

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > cas
11 Burks, Arthur Walter

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

[br]

b. 13 October 1915 Duluth, Minnesota, USA

[br]

American engineer involved in the development of the ENIAC and Whirlwind computers.

[br]

After obtaining his AB degree from De Pere University, Wisconsin (1937), and his AM and PhD from the University of Michigan (1938 and 1941, respectively), Burks carried out research at the Moore School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, during the Second World War, and at the same time taught philosophy in another department. There, with Herman Goldstine, he was involved in the construction of ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer).

In 1946 he took a post as Assistant Professor of Engineering at Michigan University, and subsequently became Associate Professor (1948) and Full Professor (1954). Between 1946 and 1948 he was also associated with the computer activities of John von Neumann at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, and was involved in the development of the Whirlwind I computer (the first stored-program computer) by Jay Forrester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1948 until 1954 he was a consultant for the Burroughs Corporation and also contributed to the Oak Ridge computer ORACLE. He was Chairman of the Michigan University Department of Communications Science in 1967–71 and at various times was Visiting Professor at Harvard University and the universities of Illinois and Stanford. In 1975 he became Editor of the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.

[br]

Bibliography

1946. "Super electronic computing machine", Electronics Industry 62.

1947. "Electronic computing circuits of the ENIAC", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 35:756.

1980, "From ENIAC to the stored program computer. Two revolutions in computing", in N.Metropolis, J.Hewlett \& G.-C.Rota (eds), A History of Computing in the 20th Century, London: Academic Press.

Further Reading

J.W.Corlada, 1987, Historical Dictionary of Data Processing (provides further details of Burk's career).

KF

Biographical history of technology > Burks, Arthur Walter
12 CISC

1) Военный термин: Counterintelligence Support Cell

2) Техника: complete-instruction-set computing, Канадский институт стальных конструкций (Canadian Institute of Steel Construction)

3) Телекоммуникации: Канадский руководящий комитет по взаимоподключениям (Canadian Interconnection Steering Committee)

4) Сокращение: Combat Identification Systems Conference, Complex Instruction Set Computing, Cooperative Interactive Storyboard Prototyping, Computer Instruction Set Computing

5) Университет: Computer Information Sciences Core

6) Вычислительная техника: Complex Instruction Set Computer, компьютер со сложным набором машинных команд, Complex Instruction Set Computer (CPU)

7) Сетевые технологии: CISC-процессор, Complete Instruction Set Computer, компьютер с полной системой команд, компьютерная телефония, процессор с полным набором команд, процессор со сложным набором команд

8) НАСДАК: Continental Information Systems Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CISC
13 Goldstine, Herman H.

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

[br]

b. 13 September 1913 USA

[br]

American mathematician largely responsible for the development of ENIAC, an early electronic computer.

[br]

Goldstine studied mathematics at the University of Chicago, Illinois, gaining his PhD in 1936. After teaching mathematics there, he moved to a similar position at the University of Michigan in 1939, becoming an assistant professor. After the USA entered the Second World War, in 1942 he joined the army as a lieutenant in the Ballistic Missile Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. He was then assigned to the Moore School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was involved with Arthur Burks in building the valve-based Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) to compute ballistic tables. The machine was completed in 1946, but prior to this Goldstine had met John von Neumann of the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) at Princeton, New Jersey, and active collaboration between them had already begun. After the war he joined von Neumann as Assistant Director of the Computer Project at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, becoming its Director in 1954. There he developed the idea of computer-flow diagrams and, with von Neumann, built the first computer to use a magnetic drum for data storage. In 1958 he joined IBM as Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department, becoming Director of Development at the IBM Data Processing Headquarters in 1965. Two years later he became a Research Consultant, and in 1969 he became an IBM Research Fellow.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Goldstine's many awards include three honorary degrees for his contributions to the development of computers.

Bibliography

1946, with A.Goldstine, "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)", Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation 2:97 (describes the work on ENIAC).

1946, with A.W.Burks and J.von Neumann, "Preliminary discussions of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument", Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies.

1972, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press.

1977, "A brief history of the computer", Proceedings of the American Physical Society 121:339.

Further Reading

M.Campbell-Kelly \& M.R.Williams (eds), 1985, The Moore School Lectures (1946), Charles Babbage Institute Report Series for the History of Computing, Vol 9. M.R.Williams, 1985, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.

KF

Biographical history of technology > Goldstine, Herman H.
14 CNS

1) Компьютерная техника: communication, navigation and surveillance

2) Авиация: civil navigation system, communication& navigation system

3) Медицина: Clinical Nurse Specialist, коагуляза-отрицательный стафилококк (coagulase negative staphylococci), Центральная нервная система ЦНС, Crigler-Najjar syndrome

4) Военный термин: Chief of the Naval Staff, Commercial Network Survivability, common number system

5) Техника: Canadian Nuclear Society, Chinese Nuclear Society, Croatian Nuclear Society, communications network service, corporate nuclear safety

6) Химия: Can Not See

7) Телекоммуникации: Complementary Network Service

8) Сокращение: Chemical warfare tear agent, Chief of Naval Staff, Chloroacetophenone and chloropicrin mixture in a chloroform solution (Chemical warfare agent), Communications Network Simulator, Communications, Navigation, Surveillance

9) Университет: College Of Natural Sciences

10) Физиология: Cardiovascular Nervous System

11) Вычислительная техника: Complimentary Network Service, computerized numerical system, Compuserve Network Services (CIS), Certified Novell Salesperson (Novell, Netware)

12) Нефть: compensated neutron sonde

13) Иммунология: Crystallographic And Nmr System

14) Онкология: Central nervous system - the brain and spine

15) Транспорт: Communications, Navigation and Surveillance

16) Воздухоплавание: Central Navigation School

17) Фирменный знак: Computing Network Services

18) СМИ: Cartoon Network Star, Christina News Source, Conservative News Service

19) Деловая лексика: Continuous Net Settlement

20) Сетевые технологии: Certified Novell Salesperson, Computing And Network Services

21) Контроль качества: continuous

22) Химическое оружие: Computer and Network Services

23) Авиационная медицина: central nervous system

24) Макаров: ЦНС, центральная нервная система

25) Политэкономия: Корпорации национальных добровольческих программ

26) Фармация: candesartan (кандесартан (селективный антагонист рецепторов ангиотензина II 1 типа))

27) NYSE. Consolidated Stores Corporation

28) Аэропорты: Cairns, Queensland, Australia

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CNS
15 MCS

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, hum. сокр. Multiple Cloning Site, (Major Case Squad) следственная группа по особо важным делам

2) Компьютерная техника: Mini Control System, Minimal Common Supertype, Modify Comment Section, maritime communication service

3) Геология: Mini Cooper S

4) Морской термин: Marine Casualty Statistics

5) Медицина: Mental Health Component summary, Mental Component Summary (индекс психологического здоровья)

6) Ботаника: Moisture Control System

7) Спорт: Motor Cross South

8) Военный термин: Marine Corps System, Marine Corps school, Marine Corps station, Military Capabilities Study, Military Counterintelligence Service, Mine Countermeasures Support Ship, Mission Control Segment, maintenance control section, maintenance control system, maintenance cost system, management and control system, management computing service, master control station, master control system, mean crew size, message control system, microwave communications system, military communication station, millimeter-wave contrast seeker, mine countermeasures support, missile calibration station, missile checkout set, missile checkout station, missile commit sequence, missile control system, mobile checkout station, mobile communications squadron, mobile communications system, mobility, countermobility and survivability, modular communication system, movement control staff, multipurpose communications and signaling, multipurpose control set, (ACUS) Maneuver Control System (Area Common User System), Mounted Combat System

9) Техника: Mediterranean communications system, Monte Carlo sampling, main circulator subsystem, mapping camera system, maritime communications service, measurements calibration system, medium dose shot, megacycle per second, microwave carrier supply, military communications station, mineral cations saturation, monitor and control system, multiprocessor computer system

10) Сельское хозяйство: Multiple Compression Shear

11) Шутливое выражение: Messy Crackpot Service

12) Юридический термин: Monitoring, Control and Surveillance

13) Бухгалтерия: Management Consulting Services

14) Автомобильный термин: mixture control solenoid (GM)

15) Музыка: Music Chord System

16) Телекоммуникации: Multipoint Communication Service

17) Сокращение: Machinery Control System, Maneuver Computing System (USA), Maneuver Control System (USA), Maneuver Control System, Master Control Set, Master of Commercial Science, Master of Computer Science, Micro-Climate Conditioning System, Military College of Science, Military Communications Systems, Mine Countermeasures command, control & support Ship (US Navy), Mobile Camouflage System (Australian Army), Mobile Camouflage System, Mobile Control Station, Modular Charge System, Multi-media Communications Station

18) Университет: Mathematical And Computer Sciences

19) Физиология: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

20) Электроника: Material Control System

21) Вычислительная техника: Message Conversion System, Micro Computer Systems, Microsoft Cluster Server, MultiCast Server, Modulation and Coding Scheme (EGPRS, Mobile-Systems), Multichannel Communications System (Mac)

22) Нефть: motor control stations

23) Космонавтика: система управления движением

24) Геофизика: (сокр. от) multi-channel seismic = многоканальная сейсмика (морская)

25) Транспорт: Monitor and Control Software, Motor Carrier Safety

26) Деловая лексика: Multimedia Conferencing System

27) Менеджмент: master control schedule

28) Полимеры: megacycles per second, monochlorostyrene

29) Автоматика: machine control system, man-computer system, multiple character set

30) Телефония: Media Convergence Server

31) Океанография: Mesoscale Convective System, Molluscs Can't Swim

32) Расширение файла: Image (MathCAD)

33) Должность: Management Computer Systems, Master Of Christian Studies

34) NYSE. Marcus Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MCS
16 mcs

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, hum. сокр. Multiple Cloning Site, (Major Case Squad) следственная группа по особо важным делам

2) Компьютерная техника: Mini Control System, Minimal Common Supertype, Modify Comment Section, maritime communication service

3) Геология: Mini Cooper S

4) Морской термин: Marine Casualty Statistics

5) Медицина: Mental Health Component summary, Mental Component Summary (индекс психологического здоровья)

6) Ботаника: Moisture Control System

7) Спорт: Motor Cross South

8) Военный термин: Marine Corps System, Marine Corps school, Marine Corps station, Military Capabilities Study, Military Counterintelligence Service, Mine Countermeasures Support Ship, Mission Control Segment, maintenance control section, maintenance control system, maintenance cost system, management and control system, management computing service, master control station, master control system, mean crew size, message control system, microwave communications system, military communication station, millimeter-wave contrast seeker, mine countermeasures support, missile calibration station, missile checkout set, missile checkout station, missile commit sequence, missile control system, mobile checkout station, mobile communications squadron, mobile communications system, mobility, countermobility and survivability, modular communication system, movement control staff, multipurpose communications and signaling, multipurpose control set, (ACUS) Maneuver Control System (Area Common User System), Mounted Combat System

9) Техника: Mediterranean communications system, Monte Carlo sampling, main circulator subsystem, mapping camera system, maritime communications service, measurements calibration system, medium dose shot, megacycle per second, microwave carrier supply, military communications station, mineral cations saturation, monitor and control system, multiprocessor computer system

10) Сельское хозяйство: Multiple Compression Shear

11) Шутливое выражение: Messy Crackpot Service

12) Юридический термин: Monitoring, Control and Surveillance

13) Бухгалтерия: Management Consulting Services

14) Автомобильный термин: mixture control solenoid (GM)

15) Музыка: Music Chord System

16) Телекоммуникации: Multipoint Communication Service

17) Сокращение: Machinery Control System, Maneuver Computing System (USA), Maneuver Control System (USA), Maneuver Control System, Master Control Set, Master of Commercial Science, Master of Computer Science, Micro-Climate Conditioning System, Military College of Science, Military Communications Systems, Mine Countermeasures command, control & support Ship (US Navy), Mobile Camouflage System (Australian Army), Mobile Camouflage System, Mobile Control Station, Modular Charge System, Multi-media Communications Station

18) Университет: Mathematical And Computer Sciences

19) Физиология: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

20) Электроника: Material Control System

21) Вычислительная техника: Message Conversion System, Micro Computer Systems, Microsoft Cluster Server, MultiCast Server, Modulation and Coding Scheme (EGPRS, Mobile-Systems), Multichannel Communications System (Mac)

22) Нефть: motor control stations

23) Космонавтика: система управления движением

24) Геофизика: (сокр. от) multi-channel seismic = многоканальная сейсмика (морская)

25) Транспорт: Monitor and Control Software, Motor Carrier Safety

26) Деловая лексика: Multimedia Conferencing System

27) Менеджмент: master control schedule

28) Полимеры: megacycles per second, monochlorostyrene

29) Автоматика: machine control system, man-computer system, multiple character set

30) Телефония: Media Convergence Server

31) Океанография: Mesoscale Convective System, Molluscs Can't Swim

32) Расширение файла: Image (MathCAD)

33) Должность: Management Computer Systems, Master Of Christian Studies

34) NYSE. Marcus Corporation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mcs
17 art

Ⅰ.

art¹ [ɑ:t]

1 noun

(a) (gen) art m; (school subject) dessin m;

∎ she studies art elle est étudiante en art, elle fait des études d'art;

∎ art for art's sake l'art pour l'art;

∎ African art l'art m africain;

∎ the art of ballet l'art du ballet;

∎ he was never any good at art at school à l'école il n'a jamais été très doué en dessin;

∎ a work of art une œuvre d'art;

∎ arts and crafts artisanat m (d'art)

(b) (skill) art m, habileté f;

∎ the art of survival l'art m de survivre;

∎ the art of war l'art m militaire, l'art m de la guerre;

∎ it's an art in itself c'est tout un art;

∎ there's an art to doing that c'est tout un art que de faire cela;

∎ she has got cooking down to a real or fine art la cuisine chez elle, c'est du grand art

(c) (cunning) ruse f, artifice m; (trick) artifice m, stratagème m;

∎ they used every art to persuade him ils ont usé de tous les stratagèmes pour le convaincre

2 compound-forming noun

(collection, critic) d'art

3 arts plural noun

University lettres fpl;

∎ Faculty of Arts (and Letters) faculté f des lettres (et sciences humaines)

►► art book livre m d'art;

arts centre ≃ centre m culturel;

art cinema cinéma m d'art et d'essai;

art class(es) cours m de dessin;

the Arts Council (of Great Britain) = organisme public britannique de promotion des arts;

art deco art m déco;

arts degree licence f de lettres;

Art art desk bureau m de dessin;

art director directeur(trice) m,f artistique;

art editor rédacteur(trice) m,f artistique;

art exhibition exposition f d'art;

arts festival festival m culturel;

art form moyen m d'expression artistique;

∎ painting is an art form la peinture est un art;

art gallery (museum) musée m d'art; (shop) galerie f d'art;

Art art nouveau art m nouveau, modern style m;

art nouveau furniture meuble m de style art nouveau;

Computing art package logiciel m de dessin;

arts programme programme m culturel;

art school ≃ école f des Beaux-Arts;

art student étudiant(e) m,f en art;

University arts student étudiant(e) m,f de ou en lettres (et sciences humaines); School &

University art teacher professeur m de dessin;

Psychology art therapy art-thérapie m

✾ Music 'The Art of (the) Fugue' Bach 'L'Art de la fugue'

Ⅱ.

art² archaic or

Bible = are

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > art
18 physical

physical ['fɪzɪkəl]

1 adjective

(a) (bodily) physique;

∎ a physical examination un examen médical, une visite médicale;

∎ I don't get enough physical exercise je ne fais pas assez d'exercice (physique);

∎ rugby is a very physical sport le rugby est un sport dans lequel il y a beaucoup de contacts physiques;

∎ it was a very physical match ce fut un match très physique;

∎ it left him a physical wreck ça lui a détruit la santé

(b) (natural, material → forces, property, presence) physique; (→ manifestation, universe) physique, matériel;

∎ it's a physical impossibility c'est physiquement ou matériellement impossible

(c) Chemistry & Physics physique

(d) Geography physique;

∎ the physical features of the desert la topographie du désert

2 noun

visite f médicale;

∎ to go for a physical passer une visite médicale

►► physical abuse sévices mpl;

physical access control contrôle m d'accès physique;

physical anthropology anthropologie f physique;

Finance physical assets immobilisations fpl non financières;

Finance physical capital capital m existant;

physical chemistry chimie f physique;

Computing physical disk cache cache m disque physique;

Marketing physical distribution distribution f physique;

Marketing physical distribution management gestion f de la distribution physique;

physical education éducation f physique;

physical fitness (bonne) forme f physique;

physical geography géographie f physique;

physical handicap infirmité f;

Commerce physical inventory inventaire m effectif;

British familiar old-fashioned physical jerks mouvements mpl de gym^□ ;

∎ to do physical jerks faire des mouvements de gym;

physical presence présence f physique;

physical property propriété f physique;

physical sciences sciences fpl physiques;

physical strength force f physique;

physical therapist kinésithérapeute mf;

physical therapy kinésithérapie f; (after accident or illness) rééducation f;

physical training éducation f physique

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > physical
19 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
20 ACL

1) Компьютерная техника: Audit Command Language

2) Геология: The American Classical League

3) Морской термин: anti-collision light( сокр.) (навигационный огонь, огонь для предупреждения столкновений)

4) Медицина: A Changed Life, anterior cruciate ligament

5) Военный термин: Access Control Level, Aircraft Cabin Load, Allowable Cabin Load, Atlantic coast line, advanced concept laboratory, aircraft circular letter, aircraft control link, allowable cargo load, allowable container load, authorized consumption list, aviation circular letter, aeronautical computer laboratory( сокр.) (лаборатория авиационных вычислительных машин)

6) Техника: above-core load, acceptable quality level, aeronautical computer laboratory

7) Шутливое выражение: Another Classless Laker

8) Религия: Academy For Church Leadership, Authentic Christian Living

9) Железнодорожный термин: CSX Transportation Incorporated

10) Юридический термин: Australian Current Law

11) Грубое выражение: Ass Crack Licker

12) Испанский язык: Чилийская академия языкознания (сокр. от Academia Chilena de la Lengua = Chilean Academy of Linguistics)

13) Телекоммуникации: Average Call Length

14) Сокращение: Action Centered Leadership, Address Correction Letter test (Wilmington DE, Apr '92, printed CFS address changes), Advanced Cmos Logic, Advanced Computing Laboratory, Avionics Cooling Loop, Association for Computational Linguistics, Amateur Cinema League of America (Американская лига кинолюбителей), American Classical League (Американская лига классической филологии), Association of Cinema Laboratories (Ассоциация кинолабораторий (США)), allowable cabin load (допустимая загрузка (салона) самолёта), acceptance [acceptable] quality level (приемлемое качество, приемлемый процент годности)

15) Физиология: Anterior Clavicular Line

16) Хирургия: anterior cross-shaped ligament, anterior cruciform ligament

17) Электроника: Active Current Loop, Aliasing Controlling Language

18) Вычислительная техника: Association for Computer Linguistics, Agent Control Language (Agents), Access Control List (DCE, DFS, NDS, AD), (MS) Access Compatibility Layer (MS, DB), Association for Computational Linguistics (organization, USA), access control list (список управления доступом), agent communication language (язык общения агентов), контрольный список для проверки числа пользователей в сети

19) Нефть: Alternate Concentration Limit (An alternative to the concentration limit set by EPA or a state for a particular hazardous substance or waste)

20) Иммунология: anticardiolipin

21) Португальский язык: Академия литературы в Рио-де-Жанейро (Бразилия) (сокр. от Academia Carioca de Letras = Rio de Janeiro Academy of Letters), Лиссабонская королевская академия наук (сокр. от Academia das Ciências de Lisbõa = Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences)

22) Транспорт: Angels Crucial Leg

23) Силикатное производство: applied ceramic color label or lettering

24) Фирменный знак: Automotive Components Limited

25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: approved contractor list

26) Сетевые технологии: Agent Communication Language, authorization control list, контрольный список для санкционирования доступа, список контроля доступа, список управления доступом

27) Автоматика: autonomous control logic

28) Химическое оружие: All Critical Learning

29) Военно-морской флот: automatic carrier landing (автоматическая посадка (самолётов) на авианосец)

30) Безопасность: access level

31) Расширение файла: Access Control List, Application Control Language, Automatic Circuit Layout, Keyboard accelerator (Corel Draw 6), Asynchronous Connection-Less (link)

32) Светотехника: AirCraft Lamp (тип источников света, дающих четкие лучи)

33) Нефть и газ: Approved Chemicals List (Список химических реагентов одобренных к использованию на предприятии)

34) Электротехника: armored cable, lead-sheath

35) NYSE. Ace, Ltd.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ACL

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

Durham University School of Engineering and Computing Sciences — Coordinates: 54°46′2″N 1°34′12″W / 54.76722°N 1.57°W / 54.76722; 1.57 … Wikipedia
College of Informatics and Computing Sciences — The world is heading towards computerization and the powerful role that information technology plays toward this end is inevitable. The College of Informatics and Computing Sciences of the Batangas State University ARASOF was conceived to take… … Wikipedia
Computing Machinery and Intelligence — Computing Machinery and Intelligence, written by Alan Turing and published in 1950 in Mind, is a seminal paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept of what is now known as the Turing test was introduced to a wide audience … Wikipedia
Computing Machinery And Intelligence — Computing machinery and intelligence, écrit par Alan Turing et publié en 1950, est un article fondamental sur le sujet de l intelligence artificielle dans lequel fut introduit le concept de ce qui est maintenant appelé le Test de Turing. Dans ce… … Wikipédia en Français
Computing machinery and intelligence — Computing Machinery and Intelligence, écrit par Alan Turing et publié en 1950, est un article fondamental sur le thème de l intelligence artificielle, dans lequel fut introduit le concept de ce qui est maintenant appelé le test de Turing. Dans ce … Wikipédia en Français
Computing Community Consortium — The Computing Community Consortium (CCC) is an organization whose goal is to catalyze and empower the U.S. computing research community to pursue audacious, high impact research. Established in 2006 through a cooperative agreement between the… … Wikipedia
Sciences citoyennes — Les sciences citoyennes sont des programmes de recherche associant des scientifiques et une participation « citoyenne » d amateurs volontaires, d amateurs éclairés, de spécialistes à la retraite, etc. Elles se sont notamment développées … Wikipédia en Français
Computing and the Arts — The major, also known as ICAM (short for Interdisciplinary Computing and the Arts Major) is jointly offered by the Music and Visual Arts departments at UCSD. Students choose which concentration they wish to pursue based on their liking because,… … Wikipedia
Sciences Informatiques — Informatique théorique L informatique théorique est l étude des fondements logiques et mathématiques de l informatique. Plus généralement, le terme est utilisé pour désigner des domaines ou sous domaines de recherche centrés sur des vérités… … Wikipédia en Français
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences — (CIMS) Established 1935 Type Private Academic staff 82 … Wikipedia
Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences — Donald Bren Hall, one of the buildings on the campus of the Bren School[1] … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

computing sciences

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

computing sciences

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: